Pasternack carries a variety of panel and patch antennas which can be seen here. The tool calculates the antenna dimensions and probe. Reference figures for attenuator component calculationedit. Discussion forum for pcb layout, design, performance and simulation. Yes your power amp having only 10kohm input impedance was a slight limiting factor from getting the very best out of the lightspeed, if it were 33kohm or higher you would have not needed nor wanted the x10v3 buffer, the sound would have been the opposite better without it, one day you may change your poweramp or borrow one. The attenuation is checked by using the internal 50 mhz calibration signal as a source. This 3db attenuator is an inline, resistive pi attenuator pad design. The controllimit tube is usually in a feedback loop and the panelldr are at the input. Our coaxial 50 ohm attenuator is manufactured to precise rf microwave industry specifications. The dummy load in the attenuator case has a certain impedance.
Oct 20, 2017 wow mick, what a rap, you made me blush, very hard thing to do. Paul hynes design lightspeed based ldr volume control kit. Computation of input impedance of rectangular, circular and hexagonal patch microstrip antennas in s and xband. I have question about the rectangular microstrip antenna input impedance at edge. I suspect they assume a 47k ohm impedance for the amp, and with the attenuation, the driving source will still see 47k ohms. To achieve power loss, technologies including airgap, absorption, scattering, and interference filter are often used for the attenuator products. Due to a newish power amp that prefers its almost matching active pre, for sale is my lightspeed mk2 ldr passive attenuator, as supplied by george stantscheff direct from australia. Input attenuator switching uncertainty performance test. The swiss dartzeel nhb18 preamp appears to exploit a similar lightsensitive volume control solution with 100 leds per channel. Aes elibrary attenuator types and their application. The impedance seen looking into the output port will be zload if the input port is terminated by zs. For best results, the eclipse should be used with a power amp having an input impedance of at least 30k ohms, he cautioned.
In the back of the cable modem where the coax from the wall plugs in. Thorlabs single mode fixed fiber optic attenuators allow one to attenuate an optical signal easily by plugging an fcpc or fcapcterminated fiber directly into the back end of the attenuator connector. The best way to describe the lightspeed attenuator is that it sounds like you have plugged your cd player directly into your power ampwith no preamp or contacts in the signal path. This is a lightspeed passive ldr attenuator board build by george. An optical attenuator, or fiber optic attenuator, is a device used to reduce the power level of an optical signal, either in free space or in an optical fiber. Reference figures for attenuator component calculation edit this circuit is used for the general case, all tpads, all pipads and lpads when the source impedance is. If you would like to use the attenuator with a low input impedance amplifier best results are achieved by using a suitable buffer between the attenuator and amplifier. George sells his fully finished version of the ldr attenuator shown right and without remotecontrol for 450 us dollars, and paul hynes is not in competition with him. The guy who builds the lightspeed and started the whole led attenuater thing off says that he keeps the lightspeed as single input for better sound quality, as. For example, if you wish to input 25000000, just type 25m instead. It allows the most transparent dynamic transfer of signal from the source to the power amps.
As allan put it, the lightspeed, simple as it is, still has a number of variablesdesign factors that affect its performance. Like a potentiometer, the input impedance of a series type stepped attenuator remains constant, so the signal source always sees a constant, non varying load. The morrison elad is just a normal active preamp using normal pot and a 50 cent analog devices ad797 opamp with no gain. The impedance seen looking into the output port will be z load if the input port is terminated by z s. It has nothing what so ever in similarity to the lightspeed attenuator and it has nothing what so ever to do with ldrs or leds. The pasternack pe70873 3 db attenuator is rated for up to 26 ghz. By using a series and shunt combination of optocouplers the attenuator can be configured to produces a constant input and output impedance. The characteristic sound of the opto coupler attack delay made them really popular alternatives to the huge an expensive variable mu compressors like the fairchild 670. Yes your power amp having only 10kohm input impedance was a slight limiting factor from getting the very best out of the lightspeed, if it were 33kohm or higher you would have not needed nor wanted the x10v3 buffer, the sound would have been the opposite better without it, one day you may change your poweramp or borrow one that is 33kohm and find out, keep in touch if you ever get around to doing that. The attenuating fiber patchcord is ideal for high power applications and can be easily installed into fiber splice enclosures. A place to discuss ip cores, verilog, vhdl, instruction set architecture and any other topics related to integrated circuit ic design. I found a couple of premade solutions such as the m patch 2 or buying 2 m patch nano by a company called sm pro audio.
The microstrip patch antenna calculator determines the length l and width w of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna for a given resonant frequency or vice versa. When set to maximum attenuation no speaker at all is needed. This 30 db fixed attenuator n male to n female up to 18 ghz rated to 2 watts with passivated stainless steel body is part of over 1 million rf and microwave products available for sameday shipment from fairview. You can sometimes push a 16 ohm attenuator and 16 ohm cab with an 8 ohm amp ouput setting, but check your manuals or check with the power attenuator manufacturer before doing so. The frequency range of our dc bias attenuators is from 500 mhz to 2 ghz. Finally, the loopback style attenuator is intended for patch panel installations. Agiltron single mode fixed fiber optic attenuators allow one to attenuate an optical signal easily by plugging an pcapcterminated fiber directly into the back end of the attenuator connector. Electronic variable optical attenuators evoas with power. Lightspeed interconnects are the determining factor here power amp input impedance. What paul hynes has done is to design the remote control section, and he makes no claims on the design of the lightspeed attenuator itself. Pi attenuator whilst i try to keep the information on this site accurate, im only human and i do occasionally make mistakes.
This attenuator worked as advertised it reduced my incoming cable signal so that my tivo could better handle it. In this case the three resistive elements are chosen to ensure that the input impedance and output impedance match the load impedance which forms part of the. Yes i also do a production ready made lightspeed attenuator over 800 units world wide now, which was. The impedance using an attenuator should be stable. The voltage also decreases in magnitude by the same amount that the current increases. Rf db attenuation values for these pasternack dc bias attenuators range from 6 db to 20 db. Field components f type attenuator are available for fast shipping from over 250,000 c. The input attenuator of the instrument is set to various values. Thorlabs electronic variable optical attenuators evoas offer inline tabletop control of the optical power in a single mode optical fiber, including the ability to lock the optical output power at a userdefined level. Yes your power amp having only 10kohm input impedance was a slight limiting factor from getting the very best out of the lightspeed, if it were 33kohm or higher you would have not needed nor wanted the x10v3 buffer, the sound would have been the opposite better without it, one day you may change your poweramp or. Hence, by feeding the patch antenna as shown, the input impedance can be decreased.
In the above equation, zin0 is the input impedance if the patch was fed at the end. These series of dc bias attenuators are available with f, n, sma and tnc connectors. Does speaker impedance matter when using an attenuator. However, the amptone site states you need to match the impedance of the amp, attenuator, and cab.
They are often controlled by transistortransistor logic ttl inputs, and the step sizes are typically 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32. Computation of input impedance of rectangular, circular and. The altair even uses ldrs as input selector relays. Lightspeed attenuator passive preamp many upgrades solid. Reference figures for attenuator component calculation edit this circuit is used for the general case, all tpads, all pipads and lpads when the source impedance is greater than or equal to the load impedance. Fiber optic attenuator or optical attenuator is a passive device used to reduce the power level of an optical signal without appreciably distorting the waveform. I therefore advise you to check any information before using it for anything important.
Switched rf attenuators are made up of switches that allow varying levels of attenuation. I find the following formula referenced to balanis antenna theory and design. Wow mick, what a rap, you made me blush, very hard thing to do. The input attenuator accuracy test checks the proper function of the internal attenuator.
Jul 16, 2012 the guy who builds the lightspeed and started the whole led attenuater thing off says that he keeps the lightspeed as single input for better sound quality, as the signal has 1 less thing to go through. Variable attenuator article about variable attenuator by. How to design a capacitor with large value of capacitance in cadence. Types of rf attenuatorsrf attenuators come in three types. Jun 29, 2016 fiber optic attenuator or optical attenuator is a passive device used to reduce the power level of an optical signal without appreciably distorting the waveform. Bird 50affn20 attenuator 50 watts 140 db dc 4ghz 50a series attenuator 140 db 50 watt new select connector and attenuation under options below. The lightspeed attenuator works best with amplifiers that have input impedance greater than about 50k. The attenuator itself is the load, what gets plugged into it doesnt really matter.
And you never want to run the risk of damaging an instrument by delivering too much power. Fixed rf attenuators provide an unchanging value where specific attenuation levels are needed. The source is adjusted for a response at the reference level. The basic types of optical attenuators are fixed, stepwise variable, and continuously variable. A 50 mhz cw signal is applied to the input of the analyzer through two calibrated step attenuators. If you would like to use the attenuator with a low input impedance amplifier best results are achieved by using a suitable buffer between the attenuator. How do we calculate the input impedance of a patch antenna from. Is the buffer nelson pass designed a few years back for the lightspeed attenuator later to be known as the b1 buffer for it to be able to drive low input impedance amps of less than 33kohm. However i did need to order a 12db and a 6db to get the best picture without pixelation.
Our dc bias attenuators are available in 50 ohm and 75 ohm impedance. Go4fiber fiber optic attenuator fc, sc, st, lc, singlemode. Attenuators rf power reduction coaxicom coaxial components. F type attenuator are used with high frequency cables and connectors. Hi guys, if you can hold a soldering iron and solder and have a small amount of electronic knowledge you can make a lightspeed attenuator yourself. With an attenuator from coaxicom, you will be getting an attenuator made by a u. This little doojabber is a bit different from the rest, it uses diodes or something clearly, i need to do some more research. The only potential problem is if the input impedance is not 47k ohms, though that is rare, and the amount of attenuation will shift only slightly.
The standard lightspeed attenuator requires sources with low outout impedance and amps with high input impedance. The best way to describe the lightspeed attenuator is that it sounds like you have plugged your cd player directly into your power ampwith no. They reduce the power level while providing an accurate match for the characteristic impedance used. T attenuator calculator enter values for r1 and r2 to calculate attenuator loss and impedance. Jan 04, 2012 the impedance using an attenuator should be stable. Dts0030 fixed attenuators and attenuating patchcord. The receptacle style is ideal when two male connectors need to be mated with a fixed attenuator. Rf attenuators can also improve impedance match, ensuring power transfer from source to load is optimised. Thorlabs electronic variable optical attenuators evoas offer inline tabletop control of the optical power in a single mode optical fiber, including the ability to lock the optical output power at.
Abstractclosedform expressions for the input impedance of half wavelength. If the ratio lw is close to unity, the radiation pattern will be symmetric but may not provide a resonable input impedance. In the attenuators ive built the impedance of the load has a negligible effect on the actual load placed on the amp. The attenuators are the amplitude reference standard. Lightspeed attenuator sounds like no other preamp, passive or active. Lightspeed attenuator instructions this totally new and i believe revolutionary way of controlling the source volume, can be best described as plugging the fixed output of your cd player directly into your power amp, yet having control over the volume. The internal 50 mhz calibration signal source amplitude is constant. Alternatively, generate r1 and r2 for a wanted attenuation. Diy lightspeed attenuator passive ldr volume control. Why are there two 6db attenuators from the cable going into.
Mar 18, 2016 the programmable attenuator, also known as a digital step attenuator, is a component controlled by an external voltage. The programmable attenuator, also known as a digital step attenuator, is a component controlled by an external voltage. Another is to buy a stereo attenuator which gives a very nice prformance but costs around 150 bucks per attenuator. Lightspeed attenuator instructions diyaudioprojects. The model av1421 gallium arsenide gaas ic phemt voltage variable attenuator provides high end performance from 2. I took the board george built and placed it in an upgraded chassis with these significant additio. Bidirectional for maximum convenience use either connector for input. I therefore advise you to check any information before using it. This sma attenuator has a male gender on side 1 and a sma female connector on side 2. Another ive heard about is the lightspeed attenuator.
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